Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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All plants are
a. | eukaryotes. | b. | unicellular. | c. | heterotrophs. | d. | prokaryotes. |
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2.
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Which is NOT a characteristic of a plant’s vascular tissue?
a. | It transports water and food inside the plant. | b. | It supports the
plant’s stems and leaves. | c. | It exposes the plant’s leaves to the
sun. | d. | It transports egg and sperm cells for reproduction. |
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3.
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Vascular plants differ from nonvascular plants in
a. | how they make food. | b. | where they obtain
materials. | c. | how they transport materials. | d. | how they
reproduce. |
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4.
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What produces egg and sperm cells during the life cycle of a plant?
a. | gamete | b. | gametophyte | c. | sporophyte | d. | zygote |
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5.
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The spores that plants produce develop into the
a. | gametes. | b. | zygotes. | c. | sporophyte
stage. | d. | gametophyte stage. |
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6.
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The stages of a plant’s life cycle are
a. | sporophyte and spore. | b. | sporophyte and gametophyte. | c. | spore and
gametophyte. | d. | egg and gametophyte. |
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7.
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The part of a moss that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil is the
a. | rhizoid. | b. | stalk. | c. | capsule. | d. | gametophyte. |
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8.
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What parts of a fern grow underground?
a. | roots and fronds | b. | roots and stems | c. | stems and
leaves | d. | stems and fronds |
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9.
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You would expect to find spores
a. | on leaf cuticles. | b. | on moss rhizoids. | c. | in a new
gametophyte. | d. | on the underside of fern fronds. |
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10.
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A fern’s fronds are
a. | leaves. | b. | roots. | c. | stems. | d. | spores. |
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11.
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What happens in the phloem?
a. | Water moves up from roots. | b. | Food moves down from
leaves. | c. | Food moves up from roots. | d. | Water moves down to
roots. |
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12.
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Plants that produce seeds
a. | do not need cuticles on their leaves. | b. | transport the seeds in vascular
tissue. | c. | can live in relatively dry environments. | d. | do not need vascular
tissue. |
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13.
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Which of the following is NOT a part of a seed?
a. | stored food | b. | the embryo | c. | the
cotyledon | d. | the fruit |
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14.
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Germination will not happen unless a seed
a. | is dispersed far from the plant that produced it. | b. | absorbs
water. | c. | uses its stored food. | d. | grows stamens and a
pistil. |
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15.
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What part of a woody stem forms rings that indicate the tree’s age?
a. | xylem | b. | phloem | c. | cambium | d. | inner bark |
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16.
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Gases pass in and out of a leaf through the
a. | phloem. | b. | xylem. | c. | cuticle. | d. | stomata. |
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17.
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What is NOT a root function in plants?
a. | to absorb water | b. | to store food | c. | to anchor
plants | d. | to produce food |
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18.
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Root hairs help a plant
a. | transport food to the root. | b. | absorb water and nutrients. | c. | protect the
root. | d. | store food. |
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19.
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What characteristic do gymnosperms share?
a. | They live only in hot, dry climates. | b. | They produce seeds that are not enclosed by
fruits. | c. | They are trees. | d. | They grow
cones. |
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20.
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The most diverse group of gymnosperms is the
a. | cycads. | b. | ginkgoes. | c. | gnetophytes. | d. | conifers. |
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21.
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The reproductive structures of most gymnosperms are called
a. | pollen. | b. | ovules. | c. | cones. | d. | sperm cells. |
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22.
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How are angiosperms different from gymnosperms?
a. | Angiosperms produce fruits. | b. | Angiosperms produce seeds. | c. | Gymnosperms do not
produce pollen. | d. | Angiosperms do not produce pollen. |
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23.
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All angiosperms
a. | produce cones. | b. | produce fruits. | c. | are
seedless. | d. | are tropical. |
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24.
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A flower’s female reproductive parts are called
a. | sepals. | b. | anthers. | c. | pistils. | d. | filaments. |
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25.
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In angiosperms, which of the following happens after a zygote is formed?
a. | Pollen falls on the sepals. | b. | Pollen falls on the stigma. | c. | A fruit
forms. | d. | An insect picks up pollen from an anther. |
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26.
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It is important for a plant to have an effective means of dispersal
because
a. | dispersal allows seeds to reach areas where conditions are good for
growing. | b. | dispersal allows seeds to colonize new and sometimes distant areas.
| c. | seedlings have a better chance of survival if they germinate far from the parent
plant so that they don’t have to compete for resources. | d. | all of the
above |
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27.
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Which is NOT a way that angiosperms are useful to people?
a. | as a source of food | b. | as a source of clothing | c. | as a source of
medicine | d. | as a major source of fertilizer |
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28.
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Flowering plants supply humans with
a. | cotton clothing and rubber tires. | b. | rosin and rayon fibers. | c. | turpentine and
cereal. | d. | all of the above |
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29.
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Within the structural organization of a plant, a leaf is comparable to which of
the following animal structures?
a. | muscle tissue | b. | liver | c. | blood
cells | d. | skeleton |
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30.
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Like algae but unlike pine trees, mosses absorb water and nutrients
a. | through a system of roots. | b. | through vascular tissues. | c. | by decomposing dead
organisms. | d. | directly from the environment through their cell walls.
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make
the statement true.
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31.
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All plants are eukaryotes that contain many cells.
_________________________
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32.
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A moss is a type of vascular plant. _________________________
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33.
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The gametophyte generation of a moss has structures that look like roots,
a stem, and leaves. _________________________
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34.
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All seed plants have vascular tissue and use seeds to reproduce.
_________________________
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35.
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The seed coat is the young plant that develops from a fertilized egg.
_________________________
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36.
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The main function of leaves is to carry out the food-making process of
germination. _________________________
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37.
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A gymnosperm is a seed plant that produces naked seeds.
_________________________
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38.
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Monocots include grasses, lilies, and tulips.
_________________________
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39.
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If a seed possesses hooked structures, you might infer that its main mode of
dispersal is by wind. ______________________
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40.
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Bundles of vascular tissue scattered throughout the stem is one characteristic
of a dicot. ______________________
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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41.
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A waxy, waterproof layer called the ____________________ covers the leaves of
most plants.
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42.
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The ancestors of today’s plants were most likely ancient
____________________.
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43.
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In a plant’s life cycle, a spore develops into a stage known as the
____________________.
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44.
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Mosses live in environments where they can absorb ____________________ and
nutrients.
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45.
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____________________ plants do not have a complex system to transport water,
nutrients, and food through their bodies.
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46.
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Thin, rootlike structures called ____________________ anchor mosses to the
ground.
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47.
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Ferns, club mosses, and ____________________ are the three groups of seedless
vascular plants.
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48.
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Water and minerals enter a plant’s roots and move through the
____________________ into the stems and leaves.
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49.
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In some plants, food is stored inside seed leaves called
____________________.
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50.
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The process by which water evaporates from a plant’s leaves is known as
____________________.
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51.
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Cycads and gnetophytes belong to the group of seed plants known as
____________________.
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52.
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All gymnosperms have ____________________, and most also have needlelike or
scalelike leaves and deep-growing root systems.
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53.
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As the seeds of an angiosperm develop, the ovary changes into a(n)
____________________.
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54.
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Angiosperms that have seeds with two seed leaves are called
____________________.
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55.
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The flowers of ____________________ usually have either three petals or a
multiple of three petals.
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56.
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In a hot, dry environment, the leaves of plants are likely to have a thicker
___________ to help conserve water.
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57.
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The paper that an artists use for sketching and the turpentine they use for
cleaning brushes both come from ___________________, the oldest type of seed plant.
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58.
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An adaptation that allows a land-dwelling plant’s sperm to reach an egg
without relying on water is ________________.
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59.
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Angiosperms produce nectar to attract insects and birds, who assist in the
process of ___________________.
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60.
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A land-dwelling plant’s most important adaptation for obtaining water and
nutrients is its _____________________.
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Short Answer
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Use the diagram to answer each question.
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61.
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What types of vascular tissue are found in Structure E? Explain their
roles.
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62.
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Identify the structure labeled C in the diagram, and describe its
function.
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63.
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What cell structure do the many dark dots in the cells labeled D represent? What
is the function of this cell structure?
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64.
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Identify the name and label of the structure in the diagram that slows down the
process of transpiration.
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65.
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Identify the structures labeled F in the diagram, and describe their
function.
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66.
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Why are there so many spaces among the lower leaf cells?
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Use the diagram to answer each question.
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67.
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Identify the structures labeled A and B in the diagram. Are these male or female
reproductive structures?
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68.
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Identify the structures labeled C, D, and E in the diagram. Are these male or
female reproductive structures?
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69.
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Identify the structure labeled F in the diagram, and describe its
function.
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70.
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To which structure shown in the diagram do pollen grains attach during
pollination? What holds the pollen grains on that structure?
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71.
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After fertilization, what happens to the structure labeled E in the
diagram?
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72.
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The diagram shows only three of the flower’s six petals. Was this flower
produced by a monocot or a dicot? Explain your reasoning.
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Essay
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73.
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What characteristics do plants share?
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74.
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If you came across a tall plant in a forest, would you think it was a vascular
plant or a nonvascular plant? Explain why.
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75.
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Would you be surprised to learn that liverworts often grow along the sides of
streams, and hornworts live in moist soil? Explain your answer.
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76.
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Suppose someone showed you a mature frond that had been cut from a fern. How
could you tell which surface of the frond was the upper surface and which was the underside?
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77.
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Could you tell the difference between the xylem and phloem in a plant just by
looking at the direction in which substances move in these tissues? Explain.
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78.
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Why is it important for a gardener to store seeds in a dry place until it is
time to plant them?
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79.
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Suppose you are hiking and find a plant with leaves that have branching veins.
The plant’s flowers have five petals. What pattern of vascular tissue would you expect to find
if you cut through the plant’s stem? Explain your reasoning.
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80.
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Describe and discuss the two stages in the life cycle of a plant.
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