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Chapter 11

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all animals?
a.
Their bodies have many cells.
b.
They eat plants.
c.
They reproduce asexually.
d.
They have skeletons.
 

 2. 
The process by which a new organism forms from the joining of an egg cell and a sperm cell is called
a.
asexual reproduction.
b.
sexual reproduction.
c.
adaptation.
d.
budding.
 

 3. 
Major functions of animals include obtaining food and oxygen, keeping internal conditions stable, movement, and
a.
adaptation.
b.
reproduction.
c.
classification.
d.
fertilization.
 

 4. 
Which of these animals has radial symmetry?
a.
a sea anemone
b.
a butterfly
c.
a rabbit
d.
a fish
 

 5. 
An animal has bilateral symmetry if
a.
no lines can be drawn to divide the animal into halves that are mirror images.
b.
many lines can be drawn to divide the animal into halves that are mirror images.
c.
one line can be drawn to divide the animal into halves that are mirror images.
d.
any line through the center of the animal divides it into halves that are mirror images.
 

 6. 
A balanced arrangement of parts is called
a.
radiality.
b.
asymmetry.
c.
symmetry.
d.
bilaterality.
 

 7. 
An animal that has a backbone is called a(n)
a.
cnidarian.
b.
predator.
c.
vertebrate.
d.
invertebrate.
 

 8. 
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that biologists use to classify animals?
a.
the animal’s body structure
b.
the animal’s DNA
c.
where the animal lives
d.
how the animal develops
 

 9. 
Which of these is a function of spikes in a sponge?
a.
protect the sponge’s body
b.
to help the sponge reproduce
c.
to digest and distribute food
d.
to obtain oxygen
 

 10. 
How do sponges reproduce sexually?
a.
Sperm from one sponge fertilize eggs in the same sponge.
b.
Water carries sperm from one sponge to eggs in another sponge.
c.
Water carries eggs from one sponge to sperm in another sponge.
d.
One sponge buds and forms a new sponge.
 

 11. 
What does a cnidarian use to capture prey?
a.
pores
b.
stinging cells
c.
collar cells
d.
mouth
 

 12. 
At the beginning of its life, a coral polyp
a.
has the medusa body plan.
b.
attaches to a solid surface.
c.
burrows into the mud on the ocean floor.
d.
feeds only on sponges.
 

 13. 
The bodies of cnidarians have
a.
no symmetry.
b.
radial symmetry.
c.
bilateral symmetry.
d.
both radial and bilateral symmetry.
 

 14. 
Which of these is NOT a major kind of worm?
a.
a flatworm
b.
a roundworm
c.
a silkworm
d.
a segmented worm
 

 15. 
Which of these characteristics is shared by all worms?
a.
They have separate sexes.
b.
They are parasites.
c.
They live in soil.
d.
They have a brain.
 

 16. 
Which of the following describes a roundworm’s digestive system?
a.
Food enters the body and wastes leave the body through the same opening.
b.
Food enters through a feeding tube.
c.
Food travels through the digestive system in two directions.
d.
The digestive system is like a tube that is open at both ends.
 

 17. 
A segmented worm’s circulatory system
a.
moves blood in a network of blood vessels.
b.
sloshes blood around freely inside the worm.
c.
has blood vessels only in a few segments.
d.
is shaped like a tube with two openings
 

 18. 
Organisms that grow on or in other organisms are called
a.
parasites.
b.
hosts.
c.
prey.
d.
scavengers.
 

 19. 
Which of the following is true of all mollusks?
a.
They have shells.
b.
They have soft bodies.
c.
They have segments.
d.
They have a closed circulatory system.
 

 20. 
Which of the following is a function of the mantle in many mollusks?
a.
It produces the shell.
b.
It enables the mollusk to move.
c.
It helps the mollusk digest food.
d.
It removes wastes.
 

 21. 
Which characteristic is NOT common to all arthropods?
a.
a segmented body
b.
an external skeleton
c.
jointed appendages
d.
a backbone
 

 22. 
An arthropod’s tough outer covering is called
a.
an endoskeleton.
b.
an exoskeleton.
c.
armor.
d.
a mantle.
 

 23. 
Which of these is NOT an arthropod?
a.
centipede
b.
grasshopper
c.
snail
d.
lobster
 

 24. 
The bodies of all spiders have
a.
two body sections.
b.
two antennae.
c.
two wings.
d.
six swimmerets.
 

 25. 
You find an arthropod on the ground under a log. Which characteristics should you look for to tell whether the arthropod was a crustacean or an arachnid?
a.
exoskeleton and legs
b.
number of legs and presence or absence of antennae
c.
presence or absence of wings
d.
tube feet and endoskeleton
 

 26. 
Which of the following is a characteristic of insects?
a.
one pair of antennae
b.
four legs
c.
three pairs of wings
d.
two body sections
 

 27. 
Which of the following is a characteristic of echinoderms?
a.
an exoskeleton
b.
three body sections
c.
radial symmetry
d.
a segmented body
 

 28. 
How does an echinoderm use its water vascular system?
a.
to defend itself from predators
b.
to reproduce
c.
to sense when food is near
d.
to capture food
 

 29. 
An echinoderm with long slender arms and flexible joints is a
a.
sea star.
b.
brittle star.
c.
sea urchin.
d.
sea cucumber.
 

 30. 
Sea urchins move by using their
a.
tentacles.
b.
arms.
c.
spines.
d.
tube feet.
 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 

 31. 
Animals must maintain a stable environment within their bodies to survive. _________________________

 

 32. 
Most animals are invertebrates. _________________________

 

 33. 
Water enters a sponge through openings called collar cells. _________________________

 

 34. 
Cnidarians pull prey to their mouths with their stinging cells. _________________________

 

 35. 
The cnidarian body plan that is shaped like an upside-down bowl is called a polyp. _________________________

 

 36. 
A type of worm with many linked sections is a flatworm. _________________________

 

 37. 
Mollusks are vertebrates with soft bodies that are often covered by a shell. _________________________

 

 38. 
An arthropod’s endoskeleton allows it to survive on dry land by protecting its body from water loss. _________________________

 

 39. 
Arachnids have six legs but no antennae. _________________________

 

 40. 
An echinoderm that uses tentacles to sweep food toward its mouth is a(n) sea urchin. _________________________

 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 

 41. 
Tissues combine to form a(n) ____________________ that performs a specific job for an organism.
 

 

 42. 
The process by which a single organism produces a new organism identical to itself is called ____________________ reproduction.
 

 

 43. 
Animals without backbones are known as ____________________.
 

 

 44. 
Classifying animals involves comparing their ____________________, a chemical that controls an organism’s inherited characteristics.
 

 

 45. 
Sponges reproduce sexually and form a(n) ____________________, which is an immature form of an animal that looks very different from an adult.
 

 

 46. 
Cnidarians that have the ____________________ body plan can swim freely.
 

 

 47. 
A sea anemone is an example of a cnidarian with the ____________________ body plan.
 

 

 48. 
A cnidarian expels undigested food through its ____________________.
 

 

 49. 
A tapeworm is a(n) ____________________ that lives inside more than one host during its life cycle.
 

 

 50. 
Roundworms have a(n) ____________________ through which wastes exit.
 

 

 51. 
In a(n) ____________________ circulatory system, blood moves only through tubes called blood vessels.
 

 

 52. 
A thin layer of tissue called a(n) ____________________ covers the internal organs of mollusks.
 

 

 53. 
Many arthropods have appendages called ____________________ that help them sense their environment.
 

 

 54. 
In some arthropods, several body ____________________ have become joined into distinct sections.
 

 

 55. 
Spiders, mites, and ticks belong to the group of arthropods known as ____________________.
 

 

 56. 
The kind of arthropod known as a(n) ____________________ has more legs than any other kind of arthropod.
 

 

 57. 
Crustacean larvae develop into adults by a process called ____________________.
 

 

 58. 
An insect’s wings and legs are attached to the section of its body called the ____________________.
 

 

 59. 
Insects usually have two large ____________________ eyes, which contain many lenses.
 

 

 60. 
A hydra is a cnidarian that has a body like a stalk with long tentacles at the top of the stalk. A hydra has the _______________ body plan.     
 

 

Short Answer
 
 
Use the diagram to answer each question.

nar001-1.jpg
 

 61. 
Look at animals A, B, and D. For each of these animals, identify the type of symmetry it exhibits.
 

 62. 
Identify animal C, and describe how it gets food.
 

 63. 
Identify animal A. Describe its body plan.
 

 64. 
Identify animal B, and tell whether it is parasitic or free-living.
 

 65. 
Identify animal D, and tell what feature distinguishes it from other worms. Support your answer by referring to features that are visible in the diagram.
 

 66. 
Contrast the digestive systems of animals B and D.
 
 
Use the diagram to answer each question.

nar002-1.jpg
 

 67. 
Which major group of arthropods is represented by animal A? How do you know?
 

 68. 
Which major group of arthropods is represented by animal C? How do you know?
 

 69. 
How does animal C eat its prey?
 

 70. 
Which major group of arthropods is represented by animal D? How do you know?
 

 71. 
Which major group of arthropods is represented by animal B? How do you know?
 

 72. 
How does animal B obtain oxygen?
 

Essay
 

 73. 
Describe asexual and sexual reproduction. How do offspring produced by asexual reproduction differ from those produced by sexual reproduction.
 

 74. 
Crayfish and butterflies are both members of one phylum. Hagfish and turtles are both members of a different phylum than the one to which crayfish and butterflies belong. Are crayfish more closely related to butterflies or to hagfish? Explain your reasoning.
 

 75. 
Describe how sponges obtain and digest food.
 

 76. 
Suppose you find a worm in the soil. How can you tell which of the three major phyla of worms it belongs to by looking at its body shape?
 

 77. 
A tapeworm does not have a digestive system. Explain why a tapeworm can live without a digestive system but an earthworm cannot.
 

 78. 
Compare and contrast gradual metamorphosis with complete metamorphosis. Give an example of an insect that goes through gradual metamorphosis, and one that goes through complete metamorphosis.
 

 79. 
Compare the anatomy and physiology of an echinoderm to the anatomy of a cnidarian. Give an example of each.
 

 80. 
Name the three body sections of insects, and tell which organs and appendages are found on or in each section.
 



 
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