Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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What structure directs the activities of a cell?
a. | nucleus | b. | cytoplasm | c. | cartilage | d. | cell membrane |
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2.
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Messages are carried back and forth between the brain and other parts of the
body by
a. | respiratory tissue. | b. | nervous tissue. | c. | the circulatory
system. | d. | digestive tissue. |
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3.
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Which type of human body tissue can contract, or shorten?
a. | nerve tissue | b. | muscle tissue | c. | connective
tissue | d. | epithelial tissue |
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4.
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Which type of tissue lines your digestive track and allows you to digest and
absorb the nutrients from food?
a. | epithelial | b. | connective | c. | muscle | d. | nervous |
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5.
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The process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in
spite of changes in the external environment is called
a. | healing. | b. | digestion. | c. | homeostasis. | d. | respiration. |
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6.
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No matter what the temperature of the air around you, your internal body
temperature will be close to
a. | 24°C. | b. | 37°C. | c. | 72°C. | d. | 98°C. |
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7.
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Which organ system makes blood cells?
a. | skeletal system | b. | nervous system | c. | circulatory
system | d. | digestive system |
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8.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeleton?
a. | providing shape and support for the body | b. | obtaining
oxygen | c. | protecting internal organs | d. | producing blood
cells |
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9.
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The bones that form the backbone are called
a. | vertebrae. | b. | metatarsals. | c. | tibia. | d. | carpals. |
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10.
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What kind of motion is possible with a hinge joint?
a. | rotating | b. | sliding | c. | backward or
forward | d. | side to side |
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11.
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A strong connective tissues that holds movable joints together is a
a. | cartilage. | b. | ligament. | c. | marrow. | d. | vertebrae. |
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12.
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Much of a newborn baby’s skeleton is made of
a. | hard bone. | b. | soft bone. | c. | cartilage. | d. | ligaments. |
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13.
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The spaces in bones are filled with a soft connective tissue called
a. | blood. | b. | water. | c. | cartilage. | d. | marrow. |
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14.
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By eating dairy products, you are helping to maintain healthy bones because
dairy products
a. | stimulate the growth of new bone. | b. | enable nerve tissue to grow in
bone. | c. | help form the canals in bone. | d. | are good sources of
calcium. |
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15.
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How does exercise help maintain healthy bones?
a. | by decreasing the need for calcium in the bones | b. | by decreasing the
need for phosphorus in the bones | c. | by making bones grow stronger and
denser | d. | by making bones produce stronger outer membranes |
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16.
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Beneath the outer membrane of bone there is a layer of
a. | blood vessels. | b. | canals. | c. | spongy
bone. | d. | compact bone. |
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17.
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What is the best way to prevent osteoporosis?
a. | Exercise regularly and include calcium in your diet. | b. | Reduce exercise and
add phosphorus to your diet. | c. | Eat more green vegetables and red
meats. | d. | Get plenty of bedrest. |
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18.
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Which type of muscle is found only in the heart?
a. | voluntary muscle | b. | cardiac muscle | c. | smooth
muscle | d. | soft muscle |
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19.
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Which type of muscle tires quickly during exercise?
a. | smooth muscle | b. | breathing muscle | c. | skeletal
muscle | d. | cardiac muscle |
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20.
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How do pairs of skeletal muscles work together?
a. | Both muscles contract at the same time. | b. | Both muscles extend
at the same time. | c. | While one muscle in the pair contracts, the
other returns to its original length. | d. | One muscle in the pair pulls on a bone, while
the second muscle pulls on the first muscle. |
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21.
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Skeletal muscles must work in pairs because
a. | muscle cells can only contract. | b. | muscle cells can only
extend. | c. | it takes two muscles to move a bone in one direction. | d. | when muscles work in
pairs, they tire less quickly. |
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22.
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Exercise is important for muscles because it
a. | prevents muscles from becoming tired. | b. | helps maintain strength and
flexibility. | c. | gives muscles more energy. | d. | prevents muscle
injuries. |
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23.
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If you exert a force of 20 newtons to push a desk 10 meters, how much work do
you do on the desk?
a. | 200 N·m | b. | 30 N·m | c. | 10
N·m | d. | 100 N·m |
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24.
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Work equals force times
a. | energy. | b. | velocity. | c. | distance. | d. | mass. |
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25.
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What do machines do?
a. | change the amount of force you exert or the distance over which you exert the
force | b. | increase the amount of work that is done | c. | decrease the amount
of work that is done | d. | eliminate
friction |
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26.
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How can a hockey stick be considered a machine?
a. | It multiplies force. | b. | It multiplies distance. | c. | It changes
direction. | d. | It reduces friction. |
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27.
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At the start of 400 m run your body releases adrenaline and carries more oxygen
to the body cells. Your body is experiencing
a. | dermis. | b. | melanin. | c. | osteoporosis. | d. | stress. |
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28.
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You are able to feel pain when you touch a hot surface because of your
a. | skeletal and musclar systems. | b. | nervous and integumentary
systems. | c. | nervous and circulatory systems. | d. | integumentary and immune
systems. |
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29.
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As you push a door to open it, the door acts as a
a. | first-class lever. | b. | second-class lever. | c. | third-class
lever. | d. | fourth-class lever. |
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30.
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In a first-class lever, the fulcrum is located
a. | behind the resistance force and the effort force. | b. | above the resistance
force and the effort force. | c. | in front of the resistant force and the effort
force. | d. | between the resistance force and the effort force. |
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make
the statement true.
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31.
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Tissues perform more complex jobs than organs.
_________________________
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32.
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The process of homeostasis keeps the body’s internal environment
stable. _________________________
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33.
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Shivering helps to cool your body. __________________________
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34.
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The bones that make up your backbone are called tarsals.
_________________________
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35.
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One function of your ligament is to help protect your organs.
__________________________
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36.
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Blood cells are produced in red bone marrow.
_________________________
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37.
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A well-balanced diet that includes the mineral calcium can help prevent
osteoporosis. _________________________
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38.
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To bend a joint, one muscle extends while another muscle returns to its
original length. _________________________
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39.
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Exercise helps to keep muscles healthy because exercise makes muscles
thicker. _________________________
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40.
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Lifting a 25-N bag of sugar 1 meter above the floor requires 25 N·m
of work. _________________________
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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41.
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Organs join to form a(n) ____________________ that performs a major
function.
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42.
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The material within a cell apart from the nucleus is the
_______________________.
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43.
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Homeostasis can be upset by ____________________, which is the reaction of the
body and mind to a threatening, challenging, or disturbing event.
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44.
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The ____________________ protects the delicate tissue of the brain.
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45.
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A kind of connective tissue called a(n) ____________________ holds together the
bones in movable joints.
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46.
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Your wrist is able to bend and flex because it has a(n) _______________
joint.
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47.
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One way to keep bones healthy is to get regular ____________________ in the form
of activities such as running.
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48.
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Bones are strong and hard because they contain the minerals ____________________
and phosphorus.
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49.
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As an infant grows, hard bone replaces most of the ____________________ that
forms an infant’s skeleton.
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50.
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The type of involuntary muscle that moves food through the digestive tract is
called ____________________ muscle.
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51.
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A muscle is attached to a bone by a connective tissue called a(n)
____________________.
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52.
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Muscle tissue ____________________, to make body parts move.
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53.
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The amount of work done in lifting a 25-N bag of sugar 2 meters is the same as
lifting two 25-N bags of sugar ____________________ meter(s).
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54.
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The force applied to a machine is called the ____________________ force.
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55.
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A machine makes work easier by multiplying force or ____________________, or by
changing direction.
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56.
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Both the respiratory system and the circulatory system rely on the
__________________ system, which automatically produces movement in the heart and the lungs.
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57.
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The elbow and knee are examples of fulcrums for ________________
levers in the body.
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58.
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When you become sick with a virus, your ____________________ system prompts
white blood cells to help create antibodies.
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59.
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A runner at the starting line of a race is likely to experience a rush of the
hormone adrenaline, released by the _________________ system, as the race begins.
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60.
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The filters in a wastewater treatment plant, which removes wastes from water,
might be considered similar to _______________ in the kidneys, which filter wastes from blood.
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Short Answer
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Use the diagram to answer each question.
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61.
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Which type of joint is Joint A?
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62.
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Which type of joint is Joint C?
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63.
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Which joints are movable? Which are immovable?
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64.
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Which joint is a pivot joint?
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65.
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What kind of motion does Joint A allow?
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66.
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Which joint provides the greatest range of movement?
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Use the diagram to answer each question.
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67.
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Where in the body is muscle type A (cardiac muscle) found?
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68.
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Which type of muscle is indicated by B?
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69.
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Which type of muscle is indicated by C?
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70.
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Which type of muscle tissue — A, B, or C — is found in the stomach?
What is this type of muscle tissue called?
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71.
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Tell whether each type of muscle tissue is voluntary or involuntary.
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72.
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When you use a pencil for writing, which type of muscle — A, B, or C
— moves your fingers?
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Essay
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73.
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List and describe the four levels of organization of the human body.
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74.
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What is homeostasis? What is its importance in the human body?
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75.
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Name three bones that protect internal organs and name the organs they
protect.
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76.
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Are bones dead or alive? Explain your answer.
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77.
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Explain how the biceps and triceps muscles work as a pair to bend and straighten
the arm at the elbow.
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78.
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You push a food tray 1.5 m along a cafeteria table with a constant force of 18
N. How much work do you do?
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79.
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Identify a joint in the body that serves as the fulcrum of a first-class lever,
and explain why it is classified this way.
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80.
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Give an example of the ways in which organ systems work together to maintain the
human body. Draw connections between at least three organ systems.
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