Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of these is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?
a. | transporting cells that attack disease-causing microorganisms | b. | carrying oxygen,
glucose, and other needed materials to cells | c. | carrying waste products away from
cells | d. | controlling many body processes by means of chemicals |
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2.
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Needed substances are carried to the body cells by
a. | enzymes. | b. | blood. | c. | water. | d. | food. |
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3.
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The function of the atria is to
a. | pump blood to the lungs. | b. | pump blood to the
body. | c. | receive blood that comes into the
heart. | d. | deliver oxygen to body
tissues. |
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4.
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Which of these heart structures prevents blood from flowing backward?
a. | aorta | b. | valve | c. | septum | d. | coronary artery |
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5.
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When the ventricles contract, blood is pumped
a. | out of the heart. | b. | into the heart. | c. | through the
septum. | d. | into veins. |
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6.
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When blood flows into the right atrium from the body, it contains
a. | little oxygen and a lot of carbon dioxide. | b. | a lot of oxygen and
little carbon dioxide. | c. | a lot of both oxygen and carbon
dioxide. | d. | little of either oxygen or carbon dioxide. |
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7.
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Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs?
a. | left atrium | b. | right atrium | c. | left
ventricle | d. | right ventricle |
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8.
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How many loops does the human circulatory system contain?
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9.
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In which vessels are materials exchanged between the blood and the body
cells?
a. | veins | b. | arteries | c. | capillaries | d. | lymphatic
vessels |
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10.
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What causes blood pressure?
a. | the force with which the ventricles contract | b. | the rate at which
blood flows through the heart | c. | the speed at which oxygen is returned to blood
in the lungs | d. | the strength of the muscles in the walls of the
capillaries |
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11.
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What layer or layers of veins have muscles?
a. | the outer layer only | b. | the middle layer only | c. | the inner layer
only | d. | all three layers |
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12.
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If a person’s blood lacked platelets, what process could not take
place?
a. | carrying oxygen to cells | b. | carrying glucose to cells | c. | clotting of
blood | d. | transfusing of blood |
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13.
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A heart attack affects heart cells by
a. | cutting off blood flow and oxygen and causing cells to die. | b. | creating a buildup
of fatty substances such as cholesterol within cells. | c. | destroying white blood
cells. | d. | preventing the ventricles from contracting. |
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14.
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What is the blood type of a person whose plasma contains only anti-B clumping
proteins?
a. | type A | b. | type B | c. | type
AB | d. | type O |
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15.
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What eventually happens to fluid that leaks from capillaries into the
surrounding tissues?
a. | It undergoes chemical reactions and becomes fatty tissue. | b. | It replaces dead
body cells. | c. | It returns to the blood through the lymphatic system. | d. | It replaces dead red
blood cells. |
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16.
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What is the function of lymph nodes?
a. | to trap disease-causing bacteria | b. | to make new lymph | c. | to transfer
oxygen | d. | to return lymph to the bloodstream |
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17.
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Which substances are produced during respiration?
a. | water and oxygen | b. | oxygen and red blood cells | c. | carbon dioxide and
water | d. | carbon dioxide and red blood cells |
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18.
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What term do scientists use to describe the chemical process in which oxygen and
glucose react to release energy inside body cells?
a. | inhaling | b. | exhaling | c. | breathing | d. | respiration |
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19.
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What is the name of the small flap of tissue that seals off the trachea during
swallowing?
a. | pharynx | b. | larynx | c. | epiglottis | d. | alveoli |
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20.
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Which parts of the respiratory system divide into smaller and smaller tubes in a
pattern that resembles the branches of a tree?
a. | pharynx | b. | trachea | c. | bronchi | d. | epiglottis |
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21.
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Hairlike structures that line the nasal cavities and trachea are called
a. | cilia. | b. | mucus. | c. | bronchi. | d. | capillaries. |
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22.
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Where in the respiratory system does gas exchange occur?
a. | in the heart | b. | in the alveoli | c. | in the
pharynx | d. | in the trachea |
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23.
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During gas exchange, which substance moves from the alveoli into the
blood?
a. | carbon dioxide | b. | oxygen | c. | water | d. | nitrogen |
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24.
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What happens to cause air to be exhaled from the lungs?
a. | The rib muscles contract and move outward. | b. | The chest cavity
expands and grows larger. | c. | The diaphragm relaxes and moves
upward. | d. | The lungs contract and then expand. |
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25.
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What produces a person’s voice?
a. | the lungs | b. | the diaphragm | c. | the vocal
cords | d. | the alveoli |
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26.
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Why is atherosclerosis especially serious when it develops in the coronary
arteries?
a. | It can then go on to affect the aorta. | b. | It can make red blood cells
die. | c. | It can lead to a heart attack. | d. | It can limit the functioning of white blood
cells. |
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27.
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Hypertension is a condition in which
a. | blood pressure is consistently lower than normal. | b. | blood pressure is
consistently higher than normal. | c. | fatty deposits build up on artery
walls. | d. | some of the heart muscle dies. |
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28.
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Why is atherosclerosis especially serious when it develops in the coronary
arteries?
a. | It can then go on to affect the aorta. | b. | It can make red blood cells
die. | c. | It can lead to a heart
attack. | d. | It can limit the functioning of white blood cells. |
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29.
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Over time, smoking can irritate the breathing passages, which may become clogged
with mucus. This condition is called
a. | bronchitis. | b. | emphysema. | c. | lung
cancer. | d. | heart attacks. |
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30.
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A tumor that develops in the lungs may be a sign of
a. | bronchitis. | b. | lung cancer. | c. | heart
disease. | d. | emphysema. |
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make
the statement true.
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31.
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The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and
lymph. _________________________
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32.
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The two upper chambers of the heart are called atria.
_________________________
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33.
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The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
_________________________
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34.
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As blood moves away from the heart, blood pressure increases.
_________________________
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35.
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White blood cells are the most numerous type of cells in whole blood.
_________________________
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36.
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People with blood type O can safely receive blood transfusions from people with
blood type O. _________________________
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37.
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Lymph nodes may enlarge when they are helping the body fight an
infection. _________________________
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38.
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The respiratory system removes oxygen and water from the body.
_________________________
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39.
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Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in capillaries that surround tiny sacs
called bronchi. _________________________
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40.
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In gas exchange, oxygen passes from the alveoli into the blood.
_________________________
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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41.
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The circulatory system carries the needed materials oxygen and
____________________ to the body cells.
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42.
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The group of cells called the ____________________ regulates the rate at which
the heart beats.
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43.
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A flap of tissue called a(n) ____________________ separates the right atrium
from the right ventricle.
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44.
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Blood that contains large amounts of carbon dioxide flows from the body into the
____________________ atrium of the heart.
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45.
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A sphygmomanometer measures ____________________.
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46.
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The force with which the ____________________ contract causes blood
pressure.
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47.
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Fibrin is produced when the blood components called ____________________ start a
chain reaction that produces a blood clot.
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48.
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The marker molecules on red blood cells determine a person’s
____________________.
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49.
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Fluid that has leaked out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the
____________________ system.
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50.
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Fluid from the blood that enters lymphatic vessels is known as
____________________.
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51.
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The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called
____________________.
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52.
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The process in which energy is released from glucose is called cellular
____________________.
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53.
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After flowing through the nasal cavities, air enters the ____________________,
or throat.
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54.
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Dust in air that enters the nose is trapped by a sticky substance called
____________________.
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55.
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Carbon dioxide and ____________________ pass from the blood into the
alveoli.
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56.
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Your voice is produced by the rapid vibration of air molecules rushing through
the opening of the ____________.
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57.
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The combined action of your rib muscles and your __________________ increase and
decrease the size of your chest cavity, allowing inhalation and exhalation.
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58.
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A high-fat diet and sedentary lifestyle might lead to ____________________ in
the coronary arteries.
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59.
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People with hemophilia, a genetic disorder that prevents clotting of the blood,
lack the ability to produce the protein __________________.
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60.
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_________________ is an infection that causes the alveoli to fill with fluid,
impairing their ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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Short Answer
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Use the diagram to answer each question. 
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61.
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What is the name for the structure labeled A? To which locations does it carry
blood?
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62.
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Identify structure B.
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63.
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Identify structure G. Give the letter and name of the structure into which blood
flows after leaving G.
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64.
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What is the structure labeled C? What is its function?
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65.
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Identify the structure labeled D. When blood enters structure D, is the blood
low in oxygen or high in oxygen? Explain.
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66.
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Identify structure E. What would happen to a person who had a hole in this
structure?
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Use the diagram to answer each question. 
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67.
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Identify the type of cell shown by A.
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68.
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What is the function of the type of cell indicated by A?
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69.
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What is the function of the type of cell indicated by B? If the body did not
have this type of cell, what would probably happen?
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70.
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What blood component is shown by C? In what body process is it important?
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71.
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Which type of cell does blood contain more of—A or B?
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72.
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Which major blood component is not labeled in the diagram?
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Essay
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73.
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Describe the role of the cardiovascular system in helping the body get rid of
carbon dioxide.
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74.
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What is meant by the “two loops” pattern of blood flow? Explain your
answer.
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75.
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Describe how the muscles in an artery regulate blood flow.
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76.
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Explain why people with type AB blood can accept transfusions of any type
blood.
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77.
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Explain where the lymph was before it entered the lymphatic system. Then explain
how the lymphatic system returns lymph to the bloodstream.
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78.
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Explain the difference between breathing and respiration.
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79.
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Anemia is a severe iron deficiency. Explain why a person suffering from anemia
might feel constantly tired and short of breath.
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80.
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What is bronchitis? Describe the effects of bronchitis.
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