Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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When the nervous system makes you feel hungry or thirsty, what body process is
it helping to carry out?
a. | delivering oxygen to cells | b. | maintaining homeostasis | c. | moving the
body | d. | supporting the body |
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2.
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A change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react is called
a(n)
a. | stimulus. | b. | reaction. | c. | impulse. | d. | response. |
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3.
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Suppose that you close a window because you notice that rain is falling. Your
action in closing the window is a(n)
a. | involuntary reaction. | b. | depressant. | c. | stimulus. | d. | response. |
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4.
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What part of a neuron carries nerve impulses away from the cell body?
a. | axon | b. | synapse | c. | dendrite | d. | nucleus |
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5.
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A motor neuron sends an impulse to
a. | a muscle or gland. | b. | a sensory neuron. | c. | an
interneuron. | d. | another motor neuron. |
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6.
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A synapse is the space between
a. | one cell and another cell. | b. | an axon and the cell body. | c. | a dendrite and the
cell body. | d. | an axon and the structure that receives the nerve
impulse. |
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7.
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The thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in
the peripheral nervous system is the
a. | brain. | b. | spinal cord. | c. | cerebellum. | d. | cornea. |
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8.
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Which activity does your cerebrum control?
a. | remembering equations that you learn in class while taking a math
test | b. | breathing as you sleep | c. | keeping your balance as you walk across a rocky
seashore | d. | an increase in heart rate after running a race |
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9.
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The brain and spinal cord make up the
a. | central nervous system. | b. | peripheral nervous system. | c. | somatic nervous
system. | d. | autonomic nervous system. |
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10.
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A spinal nerve is made of
a. | sensory neurons only. | b. | interneurons only. | c. | both sensory neurons
and motor neurons. | d. | both interneurons and motor
neurons. |
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11.
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Turning on the television is an action controlled by
a. | a reflex pathway. | b. | the brain stem. | c. | the autonomic
nervous system. | d. | the somatic nervous system. |
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12.
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An automatic response of the body that occurs very rapidly and without conscious
control is called a(n)
a. | stimulant. | b. | interneuron. | c. | reflex. | d. | reaction. |
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13.
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The three regions that make up the brain include the cerebrum, cerebellum,
and
a. | senses. | b. | brain stem. | c. | spinal
cord. | d. | retina. |
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14.
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In some reflex actions, skeletal muscles contract without the involvement
of
a. | motor neurons. | b. | interneurons. | c. | the spinal
cord. | d. | the brain. |
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15.
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A bruise-like injury of the brain is called
a. | a stimulant. | b. | a concussion. | c. | an
inhalant. | d. | paralysis. |
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16.
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Spinal cord injuries can result in
a. | concussion. | b. | paralysis. | c. | a
reflex. | d. | farsightedness. |
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17.
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The pupil of a person’s eye is likely to become smaller when the
a. | object viewed is moving. | b. | other eye is closed. | c. | person moves from a
dim room into bright sunlight. | d. | person moves from bright sunlight into a dim
room. |
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18.
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Nearsightedness and farsightedness are caused by
a. | a defect in the shape of the eyeball. | b. | a defect in the structure of the
retina. | c. | the inability of the iris to change size. | d. | damage to receptor
cells in the retina. |
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19.
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Because of the way in which the lens of the eye bends light rays, the image
produced by the lens is
a. | black and white. | b. | usually blurred. | c. | right side
up. | d. | upside down. |
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20.
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Cone cells enable you to see
a. | colors. | b. | black and white. | c. | at
night. | d. | nearby objects. |
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21.
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What produces sound?
a. | light waves | b. | vibrating material | c. | chemicals in the
air | d. | rods and cones |
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22.
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What structure passes sound vibrations to the cochlea?
a. | eardrum | b. | auditory nerve | c. | stirrup | d. | ear canal |
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23.
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Based on the fact that dogs can move their external ears, you could conclude
that dogs
a. | have a poor sense of hearing because the external ear might sometimes block the inner
ear. | b. | have an inner ear with a very different structure from the inner ear of a human.
| c. | might have a keener sense of hearing, since they are able to move their external ears
to capture faint sounds. | d. | are less sensitive to sound vibrations because
sound waves might not travel through the skin of the exterior ears. |
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24.
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A gymnast on a balance beam is able to maintain balance because of her
a. | cerebrum and semcircular canals. | b. | brain stem and cochlea. | c. | cerebellum and
eardrum. | d. | cerebellum and semicircular canals. |
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25.
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The senses of smell and taste both detect
a. | chemicals. | b. | waves. | c. | the semicircular
canals. | d. | the optic nerve. |
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26.
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Pain is an important sensation, because it
a. | is unpleasant. | b. | helps the immune system
function. | c. | can alert the body to danger. | d. | is a
depressant. |
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27.
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When drug addicts stop using a drug, they may experience withdrawal
because
a. | the drug has damaged their kidneys. | b. | they have been infected by
HIV. | c. | their bodies have become physically dependent on the drug. | d. | the drug has made
them nervous. |
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28.
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What kind of drug is alcohol?
a. | anabolic steroid | b. | depressant | c. | stimulant | d. | inhalant |
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29.
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Drugs that slow down the activity of the central nervous system are
called
a. | anabolic steroids. | b. | hallucinogens. | c. | stimulants. | d. | depressants. |
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30.
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BAC is a measurement of
a. | how fast a person reacts after drinking alcohol. | b. | how long a person
has been drinking alcohol. | c. | the concentration of alcohol in the
blood. | d. | the number of alcohol deaths in a state. |
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make
the statement true.
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31.
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The body’s reaction to a change in the environment is a response.
_________________________
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32.
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A(n) axon carries impulses toward the nerve cell body.
_________________________
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33.
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The peripheral nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal
cord. _________________________
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34.
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Voluntary actions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
_________________________
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35.
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A reflex is an automatic response that occurs very rapidly.
_________________________
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36.
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The retina contains the eye’s light-sensitive cells.
_________________________
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37.
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Fluid in the semicircular canals stimulates impulses to the brain to
maintain balance. _________________________
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38.
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Taste lenses on your tongue respond to chemicals in food.
_________________________
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39.
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Receptors for pressure are found deep in the
dermis._________________________
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40.
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Caffeine is called a depressant because it speeds up body processes.
_________________________
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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41.
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The traffic light turns green, and the driver steps on the gas pedal to make the
car move forward. The green traffic light acted as a(n) ____________________ that caused a response
in the driver.
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42.
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One function of the nervous system is to maintain ____________________, or
stability within the body.
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43.
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The type of neurons known as ____________________ neurons pick up stimuli from
the external or internal environment and convert those stimuli to nerve impulses.
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44.
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A muscle contracts in response to an impulse carried by the type of neuron known
as a(n) ____________________ neuron.
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45.
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In order for a nerve impulse to pass from an axon tip to the next structure, it
must cross a space called a(n) ____________________.
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46.
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The junction where one neuron can transfer an impulse to another structure is
called a(n) ____________________.
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47.
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The part of the brain that controls balance is the ____________________.
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48.
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The peripheral nervous system consists of ____________________ that link the
central nervous system with all parts of the body.
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49.
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If you accidentally touch a hot pan, you immediately jerk your hand away without
thinking, before you even feel pain. This type of response is known as a(n)
____________________.
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50.
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Each specific ____________________ organ picks up a different kind of
information about the environment.
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51.
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The ____________________ of the eye bends light rays and focuses them.
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52.
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Eyes convert light into ____________________ that travel through the optic
nerves to the brain.
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53.
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Sound waves travel down the ear canal and strike the ____________________,
causing it to vibrate and to pass the vibrations on to small bones in the middle ear.
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54.
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In the part of the inner ear called the ____________________, receptors convert
sound vibrations into nerve impulses.
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55.
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The flavor of food is influenced by the senses of smell and
____________________.
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56.
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The ____________________ is the organ associated with the sense of touch.
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57.
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Many commonly abused drugs are dangerous because they act on the
____________________, which controls mood and thought.
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58.
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A person who needs larger and larger amounts of a drug to get the same effect
has reached the state of ____________________ to the drug.
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59.
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A person who is physically addicted to and emotionally dependent on alcohol has
the disease called ____________________.
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60.
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Long-term alcohol abuse can damage cells in the brain and the
____________________.
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Short Answer
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Use the diagram to answer each question.
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61.
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What part of the brain is indicated by A? Identify three functions of structure
A.
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62.
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What part of the brain is indicated by B? What is its function?
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63.
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Explain how parts A and B work together to enable a skater to glide smoothly
across the ice.
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64.
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What part of the brain is indicated by D? What is its function?
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65.
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What is the role of the brain in enabling you to hear? What part of the brain
— A, B, C, or D — is involved in hearing?
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66.
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What part of the central nervous system is indicated by C? What is its
function?
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Use the diagram to answer each question. 
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67.
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Identify structure A and describe its function.
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68.
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Identify structures D and F. How are these structures related to each
other?
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69.
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Identify structure B. Explain what would happen if this structure were
damaged.
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70.
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Identify structure E and describe its function.
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71.
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Identify structure C and describe its function.
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72.
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When images focus in front of structure C, what condition results? How does this
condition affect people’s vision?
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Essay
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73.
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State the three main parts of a neuron and describe how an impulse travels
through a neuron.
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74.
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Name the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system and explain the
difference between the functions of the two divisions.
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75.
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Describe two actions that help prevent injury to the brain and spinal
cord.
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76.
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Explain what farsightedness is and what causes it.
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77.
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Describe the process by which a person hears a sound. Begin with sound waves
entering the ear and end with nerve impulses reaching the brain.
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78.
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A person suffers a concussion that affects the cerebellum for several days.
Explain how the person’s nervous system would be affected and what symptoms the person might
experience.
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79.
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Compare and contrast the effects of anabolic steroids and alcohol on the body.
Give three reasons why each drug is dangerous.
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80.
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Many food products contain synthetic chemicals with strong aromas. Explain why
manufacturers would add these chemicals to their prodcuts.
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