Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Why do hormones cause changes only in specific body organs?
a. | A hormone is carried to a specific location by tiny tubes. | b. | A hormone interacts
only with target cells, which fit together with that hormone. | c. | A hormone is
produced only in the location where it is needed. | d. | A hormone works only through negative
feedback. |
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2.
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The endocrine system acts on the body through chemical products called
a. | hormones. | b. | blood and saliva. | c. | sugars. | d. | target cells. |
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3.
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The endocrine system produces chemicals that
a. | begin to function after puberty. | b. | require a system of nerves to control many body
activities. | c. | travel to selected locations through tiny tubes. | d. | control both daily
activities and long-term changes through hormones. |
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4.
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Which endocrine gland(s) link(s) the endocrine system and the nervous
system?
a. | hypothalamus | b. | parathyroid glands | c. | pituitary
gland | d. | thyroid gland |
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5.
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Which endocrine gland(s) communicate(s) with the hypothalamus to control many
body activities, including growth from infancy to adulthood?
a. | adrenal glands | b. | pancreas | c. | pituitary
gland | d. | thyroid gland |
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6.
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The way the endocrine system maintains homeostasis is often compared to
a(n)
a. | violent thunderstorm that startles people and increases their
heartbeat. | b. | heating system that turns a furnace on and off to control a room’s
temperature. | c. | monthly cycle that releases an egg from an ovary. | d. | period of human
development that takes about nine months to be completed. |
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7.
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Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the endocrine
system?
a. | When a hormone travels through the bloodstream, it will interact only with its target
cells. | b. | After age 40 or so, people’s muscle strength begins to decrease and their skin
starts to wrinkle. | c. | When people are startled by a frightening
event, their heart beats faster. | d. | When the amount of a hormone reaches a certain
level, the endocrine system stops the release of that hormone. |
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8.
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The endocrine system often uses a negative feedback process to
a. | bring about fertilization. | b. | control the production of eggs and
sperm. | c. | maintain homeostasis. | d. | produce the proper number of
chromosomes. |
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9.
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Which of the following structures is formed when fertilization occurs?
a. | egg | b. | ovary | c. | sperm | d. | zygote |
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10.
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The joining of a sperm and an egg is called
a. | implantation. | b. | ovulation. | c. | fertilization. | d. | menstruation. |
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11.
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Sperm are produced in the
a. | bladder. | b. | scrotum. | c. | testes. | d. | urethra. |
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12.
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The scrotum is part of the
a. | menstrual cycle. | b. | endocrine system. | c. | female reproductive
system. | d. | male reproductive system. |
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13.
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Eggs are produced in the
a. | ovaries. | b. | fallopian tubes. | c. | uterus. | d. | vagina. |
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14.
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Human eggs are usually fertilized in the
a. | uterus. | b. | fallopian tube. | c. | ovary. | d. | cervix. |
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15.
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A mature egg is released from the ovary during a process called
a. | fallopian tube. | b. | ovulation. | c. | menstruation. | d. | fertilization. |
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16.
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In a female’s body, an egg develops in an ovary, and the uterus prepares
for the arrival of a fertilized egg during
a. | homeostasis. | b. | labor and delivery. | c. | pregnancy. | d. | the menstrual
cycle. |
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17.
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When a human egg is not fertilized, extra blood and tissue from the uterus are
released through the vagina in a process called
a. | menstruation. | b. | elimination. | c. | ovulation. | d. | reproduction. |
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18.
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Where does a fertilized egg develop after it leaves the fallopian tube?
a. | the cervix | b. | the ovary | c. | the
uterus | d. | the vagina |
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19.
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Which of the following describes the first nine months of human development in
the correct order?
a. | egg, sperm, zygote | b. | embryo, fetus, afterbirth | c. | zygote, embryo,
fetus | d. | zygote, fetus, embryo |
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20.
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Eating a healthy diet while pregnant is important because
a. | nutrients from the mother help protect the fetus from dangerous
chemicals. | b. | nutrients from the mother pass directly to the fetus through the
placenta. | c. | proper nutrition will make the child a picky eater in the future. | d. | a healthy diet will
prevent viruses from passing through the placenta to the fetus. |
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21.
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Which of the following statements about the placenta is NOT true?
a. | The placenta protects an embryo from alcohol and other harmful substances that might
be present in the mother’s blood. | b. | In the placenta, the embryo’s and
mother’s blood vessels are close to each other, but their blood does not
mix. | c. | Carbon dioxide and other wastes pass from the embryo through the placenta into the
mother’s blood. | d. | The placenta prevents some diseases from
spreading from the mother to the embryo. |
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22.
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What happens during the stage of childbirth called labor?
a. | Strong muscle contractions push the baby out of the mother’s
body. | b. | The fetus develops a heartbeat, its bones become distinct, and it begins to
move. | c. | The umbilical cord is tied, then cut a few centimeters away from the baby’s
abdomen. | d. | Strong muscle contractions of the uterus cause the cervix to
enlarge. |
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23.
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What happens during the stage of childbirth called delivery?
a. | Muscle contractions push the placenta out of the mother’s
body. | b. | The baby comes out of the mother’s body. | c. | The lining of the
uterus thickens in preparation for the arrival of a zygote. | d. | A zygote with the
proper number of chromosomes is formed. |
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24.
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You are a doctor helping to deliver a baby. As you rush to your patient’s
room, the nurse tells you that you are just in time for the afterbirth. What will be
delivered?
a. | a baby | b. | the cervix | c. | the
placenta | d. | the uterus |
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25.
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Which period makes up the stage of development called childhood?
a. | birth to age 7 | b. | birth to age 10 | c. | ages 7 to about
10 | d. | ages 2 to about 12 |
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26.
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Which of the following is a physical change that usually takes place during
childhood?
a. | Friends become more important as individuals begin to think about
others. | b. | Individuals learn coordinated tasks such as using a fork. | c. | Individuals learn to
crawl, then begin to walk. | d. | Individuals begin to play with
toys. |
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27.
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What is the main event that happens during puberty?
a. | Individuals begin to ask questions about their future. | b. | Individuals need
large amounts of food because of rapid growth. | c. | Individuals may feel pain because their bodies
grow so rapidly. | d. | An individual’s body becomes able to reproduce. |
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28.
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During which period of development does a person’s thinking mature and
become more like an adult?
a. | adulthood | b. | adolescence | c. | childhood | d. | infancy |
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29.
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Which of the following changes does NOT occur during the stage of development
called infancy?
a. | learning coordinated tasks such as writing with a pencil | b. | arms and legs
growing faster than the head | c. | crawling and starting to
walk | d. | speaking words and understanding simple directions |
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30.
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Which of the following is the best description of adolescence?
a. | the stage when children become adults physically and mentally | b. | the stage when
individuals first produce hormones | c. | the stage that’s the same as
puberty | d. | the stage when people have “growing
pains” |
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make
the statement true.
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31.
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The organs of the endocrine system produce chemical messengers called
enzymes. _________________________
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32.
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The male sex cell is called a sperm. _________________________
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33.
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Sex cells contain twice as many chromosomes as other body cells.
_________________________
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34.
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The release of a mature egg into a fallopian tube is called menstruation.
_________________________
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35.
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During the first eight weeks after fertilization, a developing human is known as
a(n) embryo. _________________________
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36.
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Labor involves strong muscular contractions of the fallopian tubes.
_________________________
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37.
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Identical twins develop from two different eggs that are fertilized by
different sperm. _________________________
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38.
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During infancy, humans learn to feed themselves and play with toys.
_________________________
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39.
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The time between childhood and adulthood is called adolescence.
_________________________
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40.
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One typical social change during early childhood is that individuals
begin to take on adult responsibilities. _________________________
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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41.
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The endocrine gland called the ____________________ gland communicates with the
hypothalamus to control many body activities.
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42.
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A hormone released by the ____________________ glands controls the amount of
calcium in the blood.
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43.
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The thyroid and pituitary are part of the ____________________ system.
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44.
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The endocrine system maintains ____________________, or internal balance,
through negative feedback.
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45.
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The endocrine system controls the amount of a particular ____________________ in
the blood by stopping its release when it reaches a certain level.
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46.
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A sperm and egg join to form a fertilized egg, which is called a(n)
____________________.
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47.
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The hormone ____________________ controls the development of male
characteristics.
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48.
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Sperm are produced in the organs called ____________________.
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49.
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One important function of ovaries is to produce ____________________
cells.
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50.
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Fertilization usually takes place in the ____________________, or passageways
for eggs.
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51.
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The monthly cycle of changes in the female reproductive system is called the
____________________ cycle.
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52.
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During the menstrual cycle, the lining of the ____________________ builds up
with extra blood and tissue to prepare for a fertilized egg.
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53.
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A developing human is called a(n) ____________________ between the ninth week of
development and birth.
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54.
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The baby is pushed out of the uterus during ____________________, or the second
stage of birth.
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55.
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Contractions push the placenta out of the mother’s body during the stage
of birth known as ____________________.
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56.
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A human usually learns to walk during the stage of development known as
____________________.
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57.
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A person might have his or her first jobs, start to manage his or her own money,
and develop more complex social relationships during the stage of development known as
____________________.
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58.
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The period of development during which a person becomes physically able to
reproduce is called ____________________.
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59.
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Adolescence includes ____________________ changes as well as physical
changes.
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60.
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During the period of life called ____________________, language skills develop,
and individuals learn to communicate and carry on conversations.
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Short Answer
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Use the diagram to answer each question. 
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61.
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What hormone does the pituitary release? What organ signals the pituitary to
release this hormone?
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62.
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The diagram uses a model to show how the release of thyroxine is controlled.
What happens at point A?
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63.
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The diagram uses a model to show how the release of thyroxine is controlled.
What happens at point B?
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64.
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What event makes the hypothalamus sense that body cells need more energy?
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65.
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What is the function of the hormone thyroxine?
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66.
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Why is the cycle illustrated in this diagram called a negative feedback
system?
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Use the diagram to answer each question. 
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67.
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Identify structure A and explain its function.
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68.
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Which structure—A, B, C, D, or E—is NOT involved either in
protecting the fetus or supplying the fetus with what it needs to survive and develop?
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69.
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Identify structure C and describe its function.
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70.
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What is structure B? How does it protect the fetus?
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71.
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Suppose structure C became damaged. What effect would this have on the
fetus?
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72.
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What is structure D? What does it do during delivery?
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Essay
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73.
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Explain how the hypothalamus links the nervous system and the endocrine
system.
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74.
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What are chromosomes? What happens to them during fertilization?
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75.
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Trace the path of sperm cells through the male reproductive system.
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76.
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What happens to an egg after it has been fertilized? What happens to an egg that
has not been fertilized?
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77.
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Some babies delivered at around six months can survive, but only with intense
medical care. Based on what you know about the development of the fetus, explain some of the medical
problems that a very premature baby might face.
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78.
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Describe how substances are exchanged between the mother and the fetus during
pregnancy.
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79.
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How are identical twins produced? How are fraternal twins produced?
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80.
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List three stages of human development from birth up to adulthood and describe
approximately when each stage begins and ends.
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